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Cardiac-resident macrophages (CRMs) play important roles in homeostasis, cardiac function, and remodeling. Although CRMs play critical roles in cardiac regeneration of neonatal mice, their roles are yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of CRMs during cardiac ontogeny and analyze the phenotypic and functional properties of CRMs in the promotion of cardiac regeneration. During mouse cardiac ontogeny, four CRM subsets exist successively: CX3CR1+CCR2-Ly6C-MHCII- (MP1), CX3CR1lowCCR2lowLy6C-MHCII- (MP2), CX3CR1-CCR2+Ly6C+MHCII- (MP3), and CX3CR1+CCR2-Ly6C-MHCII+ (MP4). MP1 cluster has different derivations (yolk sac, fetal liver, and bone marrow) and multiple functions population. Embryonic and neonatal-derived-MP1 directly promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation through Jagged-1-Notch1 axis and significantly ameliorated cardiac injury following myocardial infarction. MP2/3 subsets could survive throughout adulthood. MP4, the main population in adult mouse hearts, contributed to inflammation. During ontogeny, MP1 can convert into MP4 triggered by changes in the cellular redox state. These findings delineate the evolutionary dynamics of CRMs under physiological conditions and found direct evidence that embryonic and neonatal-derived CRMs regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation. Our findings also shed light on cardiac repair following injury.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hookworm infections among vegetable growers in Anhui Province, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the control strategy and interventions for hookworm human infections.. Methods A total of 1 179 vegetable growers were randomly sampled from 7 counties in Anhui province according to the natural ecological function areas in 2018 and 2019, and the basic features and risk factors of hookworm infections were collected from all subjects using a self-designed questionnaire, including living environment, vegetable planting and fertilization, type of household crops, animal feeding, hygiene and labor habits. In addition, stool samples were collected from all participants, and each stool sample was subjected to twice tests with the Kato-Katz technique. The risk factors of hookworm infections were identified among vegetable growers with the Bayesian log-binomial regression model. Results The prevalence of hookworm infection was 3.90% among the 1 179 vegetable growers. The prevalence of hookworm infection was 10.07% (15/149) among unemployed subjects, 5.32% (31/583) among farmers, and 0 among full-time vegetable growers (0/377) and subjects with other occupations (0/70), and there was a significant difference among subjects in terms of occupation (χ2=36.37, P < 0.01). Bayesian log-binomial regression analysis showed that fertilization with human feces [relative risk (RR)=18.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): (4.31, 77.17)], barefoot labor in vegetable fields [RR=2.86, 95% CI: (1.43, 5.70)], and living in plain ecological areas along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River [RR=4.19, 95% CI: (1.19, 14.81)] were independent risk factors of hookworm infections among vegetable growers. Stratified analysis showed that fertilization with human feces, barefoot labor in vegetable fields, drinking well water or mountain spring, and living in plain ecological areas along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were independent risk factors of hookw, orm infection among farmers, and living in plain ecological areas along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and growing rice were independent risk factors of hookw, orm infection among unemployed individuals. Conclusions The prevalence of hookworm infection is high among vegetable growers in Anhui Province, and fertilization with human feces, barefoot labor in vegetable fields and living in plain ecological areas along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are risk factors of hookw, orm infections among vegetable growers.
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Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT ) is known to be involved in airway remodeling and fibrosis of bronchial asthma. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to EMT have yet to be fully clarified. The current study was designed to reveal the potential mechanism of microRNA-21 (miR-21) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) affecting EMT through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE cells) were transfected with miR-21 mimics/inhibitors and PARP-1 plasmid/small interfering RNA (siRNA). A dual luciferase reporter assay and biotin-labeled RNA pull-down experiments were conducted to verify the targeting relationship between miR-21 mimics and PARP-1. The migration ability of 16HBE cells was evaluated by Transwell assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting experiments were applied to determine the expression of Snail, ZEB1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, and PARP-1. The effects of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 on the migration of 16HBE cells and EMT were investigated. Overexpression of miR-21 mimics induced migration and EMT of 16HBE cells, which was significantly inhibited by overexpression of PARP-1. Our findings showed that PARP-1 was a direct target of miR-21, and that miR-21 targeted PARP-1 to promote migration and EMT of 16HBE cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Using LY294002 to block PI3K/AKT signaling pathway resulted in a significant reduction in the migration and EMT of 16HBE cells. These results suggest that miR-21 promotes EMT and migration of HBE cells by targeting PARP-1. Additionally, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway might be involved in this mechanism, which could indicate its usefulness as a therapeutic target for asthma.
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Objective:To explore the mechanism of B10 cell involved in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy following myocarditis, and to develop potential therapeutic strategies.Methods:BALB/c mice infected with Coxsackie virus B3 induced viral myocarditis model. The expression of angiotensin (ANG)Ⅱ and its receptor in myocarditis mice was detected. The changes of B10 cells in the hearts of control mice and myocarditis mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. After losartan was administered to myocarditis mice, the degree of myocardial inflammation was detected by HE staining, the expression of inflammatory factors was detected by ELISA, the myocardial hypertrophy was detected by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining, and the changes of B10 cells in the heart were analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of cardiac troponin T (C-TNT) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes treated with ANGⅡ and ANGⅡ+ IL-10 were detected. Cardiomyocytes were treated with ANGⅡ, ANGⅡ+ B10 cells, ANGⅡ+ B10 cells + IL-10 receptor antibody and ANGⅡ+ B cells to detect C-TNT protein levels, and Annexin-V/PI was used to detect the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes were treated with oxidized HMGB1, reduced HMGB1 and disulfide HMGB1, and C-TNT expression was detected.Results:Coxsackievirus B3 infection caused cardiac hypertrophy, high expression of ANGⅡ and its receptor, and transient increase of B10 cells in mice. Losartan treatment blocked the angiotensin receptor, reduced expansion of B10 cells. B10 cells alleviated apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and inhibited the production of HMGB1 induced by ANGⅡ patch by producing IL-10, thus alleviating viral myocarditis and cardiac hypertrophy.Conclusions:B10 cells may play an important role in myocardial protection in myocarditis.
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This study introduces the establishment and the situation before and after the reorganization of Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH). Meanwhile, it sorted out the important changes in this reorganization of CDRH. CDRH optimizes regulatory decisions by integrating pre-marketing and post-marketing professionals for the total product lifecycle of medical devices, based on product line guidelines. Taking the sutatus of Chinese medical device supervision into consideration, this study put forward some thoughts on scientific supervision.
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Device Approval , Marketing , United States , United States Food and Drug AdministrationABSTRACT
The evaluation concerns on custom design of implant for bony defect focus on engineered transformation of clinical needs, pre-operation performance verification and clinical validation. These concerns refer to manipulation on imageology information, tissue adhesion and fixation, surgery planning and instruments, design specification and instruction, finite element analysis, bench testing, around market clinical research et al. The evaluation integrates adaptive risk evaluation methods such as biomechanics, mechanobiology, blind crossover reproducility and dynamic design of clinical study et al.
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Humans , Biomechanical Phenomena , Bone Diseases , General Surgery , Finite Element Analysis , Prostheses and Implants , Prosthesis DesignABSTRACT
Recently, the registration of artificial hip prosthesis products increased year by year. In the new version of the provisions for medical device registration, the domestic or import of such products in the registration declaration may need to complete a clinical trial in the country. How to carry out scientific clinical trials of the product design is the common concern of enterprises and clinical trial institutions. To review the guideline and literature concerning registration for artificial hip prosthesis, the focus on clinical trial design of artificial hip prosthesis include clinical inclusion, evaluation standard, sample size. Through the discussion, we hope to provide advice and guidance for clinical trials of this kind of products.
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Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip , Clinical Trials as Topic , Hip Prosthesis , Prosthesis Design , Registries , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The quality management system is of great significance for improving efficiency and promoting sustainable development. This article introduces and discusses the related definitions, construction principles, improvements of document control and measurement analysis, and system construction, etc. of quality management system for evaluation of medical devices in order to provide references for relevant researchers.
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Humans , Equipment and Supplies , Reference Standards , Quality ControlABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of Anti TNF-α combined with p38 MAPK antisense oligonucleotide on renal funtion and TNF-α,p38MAPK protein expression at different ischemia-reperfusion points.Methods One hundred and twenty normal male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups by simple randomization:sham-operated (sham) group,ischemia-reperfusion (IR) group,Anti TNF-α + ischemia-reperfusion (Anti TNF-α + IR) group,Anti TNF-α and p38 MAPK antisense oligonucleotide + ischemia-reperfusion (combination preconditioning + IR) group.Each group comprised 30 rats.Anti TNF-α + IR group was subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury with intravenous administration of Anti TNF-α (0.1 mg/kg) 5 min before reperfusion.Combination preconditioning + IR group was subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury with intravenous administration of Anti TNF-α(0.1 mg/kg)and p38MAPK antisense oligonucleotide (5 mg/kg)5 min before reperfusion.IR group with the same injury was followed by saline administration in the same manner.Sham group was subjected to only anesthetization but not to ischemia.Detecting the plasma creatinine and plasma urea nitrogen and two-step inmunohistochemical methods were used to detect the changes of expression of TNF-α,p38 MAPK.The measurement data were compared with the t test and the count data were compared with Chi-square test.The date were expressed by ((x) ± s).Intergroup comparison translated by variance analysis.Results After reperfusion,the plasma urea nitrogen in the IR group was (15.86 ± 2.41),(21.13 ± 2.21),(25.47 ± 2.29),(30.51 ± 2.03),(35.56±2.47) μmol/L at 0,1,3,6 and 12 h,respectively,and was (25.61 ±5.40),(32.48 ±2.30) (68.20±1.20),(84.42 ±2.43),(96.15 ±2.23)at 0,1,3,6 and 12 h respectively,and still showed an increasing trend at 12 h.TNF-α mainly expressed in renal proximal convoluted tubules,gradually upregulate with duration of ischemia-reperfusion to 12h of reperfusion.p38MAPK mainly located at distal convoluted tubules,peaked at 6h of reperfusion.But these effects were offset by administration in combination preconditioning group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury can be alleviated by Anti TNF-α and p38 MAPK antisense oligonucleotide treatment.
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Objective To understand the successive dynamic change of population structure of Oncomelania hupensis during a one-year period,so as to provide the evidence for snail control. Methods A river beach and a ditch infested with O. hupensis snails were selected and longitudinally investigated in the midmonth during one year. The snail survey indices included the sur-vival status,gender,number of whorls,length and width of shell,and gonad development status(measured by the color depth of gonad and the length ratio of gonad to liver),and the monthly snail eggs in the soil were collected and counted simultaneous-ly. In addition,the temperature and humidity of the soil and the daily data of air temperature and precipitation were measured or collected during the study period(every month). Results Both survival rate of snails and live snail density at the two environ-ments were positively correlated with the temperatures of air and soil. With a slight bimodal distribution ,the snail survival rate peaked from May to June,and in September. The living snail densities got the highest level in July and September in the river beach,and from April to May in the ditch. The regression equations of snail length(L)and width(W)were Lbeach = 2.355 +1.678W(F=2989.43,P<0.01)and Lditch=0.478+2.091W(F=2.989.43,P<0.01),respectively. The snails were the ones with 4.07-11.81 mm in the length(8.98 ± 0.92)mm in the river beach,and the snails were the ones with 3.63-9.92 mm in the length(7.03 ± 0.82)mm in the ditch. The main snails were the ones with five to eight whorls of shell in the river beach and four to seven whorls of shell in the ditch. The proportions of snails with less than or equal to five whorls(in the river beach)and four (in the ditch)were the highest in May and September,about 20％. The ratios of male and female snails were 1.66 in the river beach and 1.22 in the ditch,respectively. The gonad development status of male and female snails was basically synchronous and had a bimodal abundance period-from April to May and September to October. The numbers of snail eggs in the soil among months were significantly different,reaching the highest in June in the river beach(100.8/0.1 m2),and May in the ditch(82.5/0.1 m2). Conclusion The principal periods of breeding and alternation of generations of snails are April-May and September-October every year,which should also be the optimal time for mollusciciding in schistosomiasis susceptible zones.
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In recent years , increasing use of drugs has given rise to more and more Adverse Drug Reaction ( ADR) cases in China.However, due to the absence of ADR compensation legislation in China , these victim's rights cannot be restituted.By analyzing experiences from Germany , Sweden, Japan, USA, and Taiwan, as well as the current situation and difficulties of ADR compensation in China , this paper provides suggestions for ADR compensa-tion policy in China , which is to constitute an ADR compensation system based on funds .
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Objective To analyze the changes of schistosomiasis endemic situation in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2014, so as to provide the evidence for formulating“The thirteenth five year”schistosomiasis control plan. Methods The information for schistosomiasis control and the data of the endemic surveillance of schistosomiasis were collected and analyzed for the chang?es of schistosomiasis endemic situation in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2014. Results The Oncomelania hupensis snail areas presented on a rising trend,and reached to the largest area with about 3.1 billon m2 in 2011. However,the snail areas decreased from 2012,and reduced by 10.55%in 2012 compared with the areas in 2011,and reduced to the lowest level in 2014 in recent 10 years. The density of living snails presented a fluctuation situation from 2004 to 2008,and on a decreasing trend from 2008, and the density of living snails was below 1 snail/0.1 m2 after 2011. The infection rate of snails remained stagnant state from 2004 to 2011,and decreased rapidly in 2012,and no schistosome infected snails were found in 2013 and 2014. The schistosome in?fection rate of residents decreased gradually,and the number of acute schistosomiasis was under 50 cases with scattered distribu?tion after 2006,and no acute cases occurred in 2013 and 2014. The infection rate of livestock was above 1%from 2004 to 2011, and reduced to 0.55%in 2012,and it was the first time that the infection rate of livestock was lower than that of residents in the same year in 2014. The progress for achieving the goal of schistosomiasis transmission control accelerated after 2011,and the number of counties that reached the standard of schistosomiasis transmission controlled from 2012 to 2014 was 4,9 and 14 and the number of townships was 33,76 and 32,respectively. Conclusion Schistosomiasis control has achieved remarkable effec?tiveness in Anhui Province,but there still exists hard work to consolidate the achievement and reach schistosomiasis transmis?sion interrupted.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes of water level and the distribution of snails in Anhui province before and after runs of the Three Gorges Reservoir Project, and to determine the relationship between the two factors and schistosomiasis transmission.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The hydrologic data of Datong hydrologic station and the data of snail status and schistosomiasis morbidity in Anhui Province were collected. The data from 1991 to 2002 and 2003 to 2012 were considered as before and after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Project. Based on the prevalence of schistosomiasis, the cases of people and cattle were speculated, and the average infection rate of people and cattle were calculated. The t-test was used to compare the difference of snail area and the density of living snails before and after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Project. The pearson method was used to analyze the relationship between water level and snail area. The spearman method was used to analyze the relationship between the water level and the distribution of snails.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From 1991 to 2012, the range of the highest water level, the lowest water level, the difference between the highest and lowest water level, the mean in the abundant water seasons, the mean in the dry water seasons, and the difference between the abundant water seasons and the dry water seasons was 11.40-16.30, 3.68-5.20, 6.70-12.12, 9.92-14.40, 4.77-7.64 and 4.13-8.93 m, respectively. The snail areas was (28 613 ± 362) hm² and (29 477 ± 918) hm² (t = -3.00, P = 0.007), the density of living snails was 1.51 (1.15-2.43) and 0.43 (0.29-1.10) snails/0.11 m² (H = 4.28, P < 0.001) before and after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Project, respectively. The average infection rate of people and cattle was 1.68% (99 482/5 935 147) and 4.62% (13 923/3 011 33), and the average number of acute schistosomiasis cases was 328, before the impoundment of the Three Gorges Project; 0.60% (39 747/6 649 380), 1.65% (1 291/783 224) and 71 after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Project, respectively. The snail areas had negative correlation with the highest water level, the difference between the highest and lowest water level, the mean in the abundant water seasons (r value was -0.514, -0.509 and -0.477; P value was 0.014, 0.015 and 0.025, respectively). The infection rate of people had positive correlation with the highest water level, the difference between the highest and lowest water level, the mean in the abundant water seasons (r value was 0.532, 0.587 and 0.446; P value was 0.011, 0.004 and 0.038, respectively). The infection rate of cattle had positive correlation with the highest water level, the difference between the highest and lowest water level (r value was 0.507 and 0.553; P value was 0.016 and 0.008, respectively). The number of acute schistosomiasis cases had positive correlation with the highest water level, the difference between the highest and lowest water level (r value was 0.481 and 0.486; P value was 0.023 and 0.022, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Following the runs of the Three Gorges Reservoir Project, the change of water level in the section of Anhui Province affected the distribution of snails and the infection of people and cattle to some extent. The snail areas showed an upward trend, and the density of living snails, the infection rate of people and cattle showed a downward trend. The runs of Three Gorges Reservoir Project has certain role to reduce flood and helpful for schistosomiasis control.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Humans , China , Floods , Lakes , Prevalence , Rain , Schistosomiasis , Seasons , SnailsABSTRACT
Objective To understand the variation rules of schistosomiasis endemic situation before and after schistosomia-sis transmission controlled or interrupted,so as to provide the evidence for the consolidation of control achievements. Meth-ods In Anhui Province,3 counties reaching the criteria of schistosomiasis transmission controlled or interrupted were selected and their historical endemic data were collected and analyzed statistically from 10 years before the schistosomiasis transmission controlled to 2008. Results In Tianchang City,the Oncomelania hupensis snail area was 3.54 hm2 in a part of the lake marsh-land in the year reaching the criteria of transmission controlled(1998),and no snails were found in the year of transmission in-terrupted(2008). No stool-test-positive resident was detected except there were 58 acute schistosomiasis cases in 1993,and the sero-test-positive rate of local residents remained at low levels(0-1.55%). In Taihu County,the snail area was 0.84 hm2 account-ing for 0.06%of its historical accumulative snail areas in the year of transmission controlled(1971),and no snails were found three years before the transmission interrupted (1983). However,the schistosomiasis endemic rebounded 12 years later (1995),there was an outbreak of acute schistosome infections(73 cases),and the snail area increased again to 133.7 hm2 ac-counting for 2.91%of historical accumulative snail areas. After that,the snail area kept on rising and the infection rates of resi-dents and bovine remained higher than 1%. In Guangde County,the snail area was 32.4 hm2 accounting for 1.90%of its histori-cal accumulative snail areas in the year of transmission controlled(1995). After that,the snail area increased progressively, and the schistosomiasis endemic rebounded and there were acute schistosome infections 5 years later. The Spearman tests showed that the sero-test-positive rate(Tianchang City)and the stool-test-positive rates of residents and bovine(Taihu County)had positive correlations with the snail areas(r=0.582,0.401,0.596,all P<0.05). Conclusion The snail status is a key for the consolidation of schistosomiasis transmission controlled and interrupted. Therefore,a valid surveillance system of snail situa-tion should be established as quickly as possible.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the impact of water transfer project from the Yangtze River to the Huaihe River on schistosomiasis transmission, and to evaluate the risk of the disease input to the potential endemic area in Anhui Province, namely the Chaohu Lake region.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 2008 to 2012, 1 fixed and 3 mobile surveillance sites in the Chaohu Lake area were selected, and the schistosomiasis infection situation of 615 local residents in the fix surveillance site was investigated in autumn of 2008 and 2012, while the schistosomiasis infection situation of 1603 mobile population in the 3 mobile surveillance sites were investigated in autumn of 2008 to 2012. All people were screened by indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA), and the positive ones were then examined by sedimentation method. 303 local livestock and livestock from schistosomiasis endemic areas were examined by stool hatching method in autumn of 2008 to 2012. From 2008 to 2012, the distribution of Oncomelania snails was investigated in risk areas and suspicious areas, and the snail spreading pattern was conducted through salvaging floaters in rivers connected with the Yangtze River. In addition, the Oncomelania snails were raised in the cages on the beaches of the Chaohu Lake, a control area, from 2007 to 2010, and their survival and reproduction capacity was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 2008 and 2012, 301 and 314 local residents were detected by IHA, but there were no positive found. From 2008 to 2012, a total of 1603 mobile population were examined by IHA, and the positive rate of antibody was 3.1% (49/1603); 75 individuals were examined by sedimentation method, and the positive rate was 36.00% (27/75). A total of 303 livestock were examined by stool hatching method, but no one showed positive. A total of 1630 km(2) in risk areas and 3551 km(2) in suspicious areas were surveyed, but there were no Oncomelania snails found. A total of 457.6 kg floating debris were investigated, and 11 Oncomelania snails were found. From 2007 to 2010, the survival rate of Oncomelania snails in two trail areas in the Chaohu Lake and in the control area was 88% (86/98), 51% (45/89), 30% (25/71), 24% (20/84) and 92% (85/92), 54% (50/92), 23% (12/52), 17% (13/79) and 96% (85/89), 52% (44/85), 26% (18/69), 18% (14/76), respectively, there were no statistical significance between the trial areas and the control area (χ1(2) = 3.78, P > 0.01; χ2(2) = 0.27, P > 0.01; χ3(2) = 2.51, P > 0.01; χ4(2) = 1.50, P > 0.01), and filial generation snails were found in each observation area from 2008 to 2010, the number was 156-312.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The imported infectious sources of schistosomiasis have been found in the Chaohu Lake region, the possibility of imported exogenous Oncomelania snails spreading into the Lake and surviving and reproducing there is high. The risk of schistosomiasis input to the potential endemic area in Anhui Province is predicted to be high.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Environmental Monitoring , Lakes , Parasitology , Risk Assessment , Rivers , Parasitology , Schistosomiasis japonica , Epidemiology , Snails , ParasitologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of Meilian Xiaoke capsule (a traditional Chinese medicinal preparation) combined with metformin for protecting islet cells and lowering blood glucose in diabetic rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat models with type 2 diabetes, established by high-fat and high-glucose diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ) injection, were treated with a low dose of metformin, Meilian Xiaoke capsule, or both for 4 weeks by gavage. Blood glucose level was tested in the rats, and islet pathologies and changes in islet β cell number after the treatment were observed with HE staining and aldehyde fuchsin staining, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Treatment with metformin or Meilian Xiaoke capsule alone for 2 or 4 weeks did not produce significant improvement of blood glucose in the diabetic rats. Their combined treatment for 4 weeks resulted in significantly lowered blood glucose level and improved glucose tolerance with also obviously increased islet β cell number and lessened islet pathologies.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Meilian Xiaoke capsule and metformin show a synergistic effect to significantly enhance the therapeutic effect in rats with type 2 diabetes.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Blood Glucose , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Drug Therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Drug Therapy , Drug Synergism , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Hypoglycemic Agents , Pharmacology , Insulin-Secreting Cells , Pathology , Metformin , Pharmacology , StreptozocinABSTRACT
Objective To compare the effects of laparoscopy and open surgery of ligation of spermatic vessel cluster or internal spermatic vein for the treatment of varicocele.Methods By using randomized controlled trial,120 cases with varicocele who stayed and were treated in our hospital were divided into 4 groups(30 cases every group) from Jun.2007 to Oct.2011.The efficacy of 4 groups was observed and compared.Results Four operations were performed successfully.Laparoscopy approached less than open surgery in terms of the days of stay in hospital (P ＜ 0.05).The quality of semen in four groups was all increased by comparing spermatozoa density,motility rate before and after operation(P ＜ 0.05),but no difference was found among four groups (P ＞ 0.05).In 0.5-1 year follow-up,follow-up rate was 92.5％,without atrophy of testes.Conclusion The operation of laparoscopic spermatie vessel cluster ligation in patients with varicoceh has the advantage of confirmed effect,which is an alternative operative method of treatment for patients with varicocele.
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This article summarizes the progress and specifications of FDA regarding intravascular catheters, and hope this would be helpful to people concerned.
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Catheterization, Central Venous , Reference Standards , Catheters, Indwelling , Reference Standards , United States , United States Food and Drug AdministrationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrate that interleukin 1β(IL-1β) plays a great role in the degeneration of articular cartilage in knee joints which was caused by the anterior cruciate lagement (ACL) rupture; however, the role of IL-1β in the degeneration of lateral meniscus remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes and significance of the expression of IL-1βin the lateral meniscus of rabbits with ACL rupture. METHODS: A total of 48 male, New Zealand, white rabbits, were matched mode pairs and prepared for ACL rupture models. In the experimental side, the ateral meniscus of rabbits was cut down to prepare ACL rupture models, simultaneously, the control sides were exposed without cut down. A total of 12 rabbits were secdficed under anesthesia at weeks 1, 3, 6 and 8 after model preparation. Degeneration scores of lateral meniscus and expression of IL-1β in lateral meniscus were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With time prolonged, the scores of lateral meniscus degeneration were increased, which was higher in the experimental group than those in the control group at each time points (P < 0.05). The positive rate of IL-1β was greater in experimental group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the positive rate of IL-1β in the experimental group was greater at weeks 3 and 6 than weeks 1 and 8 (P < 0.05), which was higher in week 8 than week 1 (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that the highly expressed IL-1β in the experimental sides hints that IL-1β maybe a promotional factor which causes the degeneration of lateral meniscus. The decreasing of the expression of IL-1β is not a stopping signs of lateral meniscus degeneration.